Wood-pulp material



JGSEPH H WALLAQE, GP STAMFORD, CQNNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR T 'PIEE WASTE PROD-UC'YYS, 13536., G? YQRK FF. "i1, A CGRYURATION 0F DELAWARE.

'WGGE)? EYE? MATERIAL.

fi e Drawing,

fi seer- Wrmmoe, Zoo Sieeee, one 2 resideni used for the manufacture ofpaper 119,

and has for its object to provide an efiioiem and at the some arelatively cheap material for paper {3111? whisk, eon produced. byinexpensive methofis and m preotioaliy unlimited quantitiegk Themanufaoiure of pair; from Wood by chemise} pro involves. what may beoaiied a fraction; or selective tack upon the Wood components; theobgeoi 9 being to produce a disiotegraion or Sflib: tion of certainreiatively less ressmm oom ponem'e whiie leaving gamer-asked or we actedon certain re'iativoiy resrstem coop ponents or cefiuiose. The yieid amiquality of product depend largely upon ihe care with which the oporeiion12 performed; upon the observance conditions which have been ompirioafiyesiafoiisi'ie by long practice. The greaier eke emotit-ode with whichhose concaiiioris 351; obseriezh the better the reeuiir" h "-eeeozme theordinary pa ed to the dog! 1 is fie. L; is en objeeeo the pro at imen onto promo'ae accuracy and nmformity oper eion by the ;=z*ovisionsmoolardized raw material-J thereoy fa w etaneierdiz etiozx of the wholeoporatl W 5h :1 seoderdize row mot-e i111 khere in no ooit y in usingsolutions of exact eomposi- 'tion; or of empio g temperatures and anexaoi time of Wood is a variable materiel; anfi poriicu larly as regards:noieture .1( Z1""i and the out ook anii character of e; ,mctive 1-non-fibrous oompozr These veriabies much influence tho operaiion in puipmaking; it being, for exompie, necessary 0 oor root the streogih of thesoiuiione for the greater or lose amount of water broughtin by wood.Again, in the alkaline processes, with the izroduoiion of raw mm terieisfor wine Que present invention ohiefiy, thoog .o t e 'iaaeiveiy,concerned, variations in m ore smut? ehazeoiier of appiioailic-n filed$223135? 25, 11ml Serial 23o. M5385.

fihe acid resins of the "wooci mekemuch difieremze in the activity of analkaii, solution of given etrengti'x.

In the soda and sulfate processes, chipped woo in fragments long enoughto give the ie-sired len h of fiber, is heated in. a digester on orpressure with an alkaline 1i mid to give a disintegration and solution 0the xzon-eelluiose portion of the woody fiber, or lignin, and a removalof the various extractives, including resins. Naturally, the less acidmaterial in the chips, the more of the alkali is available f rresolution of lignin, arid vise versa. With some Woods, otherwise weiiadapted for pulp making; as with southern pine, the amount of acidresins presen; is great as (0 render treatment of web wood by theordinary arkaline prose very (giffioult. With any resinous 'wooo,however, the amount? of reein varies from log Lo 1435; and in the somelog, or efnigo from point to mom. Variations in moisiure content eccompany variations in resin content. Resinous Woods, and resinous partsof wood, absorb less moisture than nomresinous or less resinous Woods orparts thereof.

In all alkaiine processes, after the completion of the digestion, or thepulp making operation proper, the biaok iiquor is witkv drawmevaporated, charred our} burnt in order to reoover the alkali for reuse;and

amok of {no economy of operation depends upon the eificienc of thealkali-recovery. The process is therefore, an integral one; conditionsaifeoting alkali recovery must be oonsidere-d as; we as, and inconnection Wiih, conditions efiecting the digestion oniy. In thedigestion some resin. is desirable as its presence fooiiitaies theaction; mid in the block liquorit still more desirable as adding foolvaiue to the residues, thereby aiding materially in the final combustionprior to recovering alkali, 1t not hoW- over in either case necessary orGesirable that it be an acid resin The ex'imctiv-es which mayberreoovered from coniferous Wood with the aid of "01atilc soivents,such as alcohol, gaeoline bem 201, the naiurei distillate known assolvent, spirits of turpentine ate, are many and of varied nature; butin a general Way it may be said that they consist of ma, more or lesscrystalline resins of the nature'o'f or inarz coioyizony or and neutralresins, some more or less crystalline and hard and Some amorphous andsoft, and of various terpenes, some volatile and some not. (inextracting such a wood with a solvent, the extraction process will befound to take place. in two phases; an initial extraction taking placequite readily and giving solu-- lions containing large amounts ofdissolved matter and a secondary extraction which is slow and givessolutions much less charged with solutes. 'ith southern pine, in thefirst stage the resins extracted are largely of a hard nature and nave ahigh acid value, while in the second stage, the matter re moved more ofa neutral. soft and amorphous llillill'fl, Similarly, the first stage removes most of the turpentine, pine oil and intermediate liquid productswhile the ten peues removed in the second stage are largely amorphous.gummy materials.

in the present invention. advantage is taken of the stated facts.(oniferous wood of any kind is chipped into pieces of the size of thosewanted for paper pulp mill worl-t, say from il to inch in length, by 2to l j, inches in Width and to inch in thicln'iess and these aresubmitted to a brief extraction with a suitable solvent; the extractionbeing merely long enough to bring the residual resin to a standardamount. Pine poor in resin needs but. little extraction; but withsouthern pine this extraction may remove as high as two-thirds of thetotal extractable matter. \Vith southern pine the extract so obtainedis, or may be, a source of cmisiderable profit since. it containsturpentine,pine oil and a good grade of rosin. Stopping the extractionat this point gives much better rosin than if extraction be continueduntil all, or substantially all, of the resinous matter is removed.

While many other solvents may be. employed in this artial extraction Ifind that described by glope {Patent No. 1,144,171 dune .1915) on thewhole is best adapted For my purposes. Clope uses a distillate from pineextracts distilling over between the turpentine traction and the pineoil fraction. This solvent is a product of the process itself and itsuse imports nothing foreign into the material extracted thcreby.

ln the-martial extraction of the chips a number of important advantagesare secured. i=irstly, of course, is the reduction of the resin contentto a standard amount. Secondly. the chips are opened up to thepenetration of the digestor liquors and made uniform in this Way. In anunextracted chip of southern pine some cells are full of resinous matterand aqueous liquids penetrate only slowly While other cells are morepervious. in the partial extraction all the cells are made readilypern'ieable; and the cells originally non-resinous now contain resin{vhile those originally full of it. are

rendering it easy to partially emptied; or. in other words, the resinousmatter becomes equally distributed throughout the chip; and also fromchip to chip of the charge. The whole charge in the extractor is made,more or less, uniform. With this equalizing of resin content comes anequalization of moisture. The chips are readily brought to a standardmoisture content (usually about 20 per cent) by exposure to a dampatmosphere; or by a slight drying in the event that after extractionsteam has been used to remove residual solvent, as

usually the case. The chips tend to retain this standard moisturecontent Without much variance by exposure to the atmosphere. Theextraction furthenleaves the chips somewhat. porous and compressible,

hale them under presstandard moisture conmore easily preserved.

In standardizing the resin content, the acid content of the wood is alsostandardized; that is, the amount of soda which will he neutralized inthe digestor is made standard.

With chips made as described, the paper sure; and in bales the tent isof course still maker If; given a material containing a known andconstant amount of molsture; a

known amount of resins; and a know acid value. \Vithin limits, the chipcan be produced from almost. any kind of pine or coniferous wood and begiven the same standard composition.

In a specific embodiment of my invention, southern pine in any form(light wood, stumps, saw mill waste, etc.) is cut into pulp makers chipsand given a brief extraction in any suitable form of extractor. (lopessolvent may be used advantageously. \Vith most of this material whenabout per cent of the extractable matter is removed, there is a suddenincrease in the dilliculty of extraction; probably because of the lowcapillary powers of the residual more or less gummy and amorphousterpenes and resins. After the extraction, residual solvent is removedas by steaming in the usual way. Steaming at this stage probablycontributes material to the described equalization of residual resinousmatter. The steamed chips are then given a slight drying to bring themoisture to a standard amount, usually about 20 per cent, and are thenbale The mill size long fibred partially extracted chips which form thesubject of this invention may be and preferably are pro duced directlyin the \voods,that is at the Source and shipped from there to the pulmill. This is oi advantage both to the field operator and to the mill,in that it, means that the Wood can he inexpensively reduced to millsize and made ready for the pulp mi l in the woods without rcquiriing atthis point either complicated expensive machin- ISO - the same cry ormuch skilled labor for its operation. The ulp mill by this meansreceives long fibrei null size chips ready, without further treatment,to go dire rtly to the digesters and forming a standard stock.

By means of my invention it will be seen that the pulp manufacturer isfor the first time in the history of the art supplied with astandardized material suitable for the manufacture of high grade pulpand one which can be relied upon to produce uniform and satisfactoryresults.

By reason of the fact. that the chips are free of the greater portion ofturpentine and resinous constituentsthe alkali necessary for the pulpingtreatment is less than has been usually required and with the moisturecontent known and running substantially uniform, as it does, the amountof alkali for iron results can be readily predetermined.

ecause of the uniform distribution of the resin content in the chips,the chemicals used in cookin will act upon all of the chips to e ree-With such an extraction as is above described neither the extracts northe chips are injured or stained materially by the metal of theapparatus, nor is either the wood or resinous material injured by longheating.

Such turpentine and other volatile terpcnes as are not extracted by thesolvent in the first operation, may, in a large measure, be recoveredfrom the waste of the digester.

In an application, Serial No. 4 5,964 tiled herewith, I have describedand claimed a process similar to that disclosed herein for producingpulp mill chips from resinous woods, and in another application, SeriaiNo. 405,963, also filed herewith, I am claiming the process ofrecovering the valuable .roducts from resinous wood by fiist subectingit to a volatile solvent to remove some of the extractives, pulping itwith an alkaline solution and recovering the residual resinous mattersfrom the spent alkaline solution.

lVhat I claim is 1. As a new material, a pulp mill chip containing asubstantial quantity of resinous matter, the amount however beingsubstantially less than that normal to the wood and being distributedwith greater uniformity,

said chip being open and porous in texture but not changingsubstantially in moisture content on exposure to the air.

As a new material, a, )ulp mill chip of resinous coniferous wo dcontaining a substantial quantity of resinous matter, the amount howeverbeing substantially less than that normal to the wood and beingdistributed with greater iiuifc mity, said chip being open and porous intexture but not changing substantially in moisture content on exposurethe aux 3. As a new materiai for pulp makers purposes, a bale ofpervious open textured coniferous wood chips. said chips containing asubstantial amount of resinous material, but having sufiicient of theirnormal resinous content removed to render them easily compressible, saidbale bein of standardized moisture content and sai chips being assembledtherein under pressure.

4, As a new material for pulp makers purposes, a bale of pervious opentextured southern pine wood chips, said chips containing a substantialamount of resinous material, but having sufiicient of their normalresinous content removed to render them easily compressible, said balebein of standardised moisture content and sai chips being assembledtherein under pressure.

5. As a new material, pulp mill chips of coniferous wood having theresinous content thereof reduced but havin a substantial residualresinous content dlstributed to render the texture of said chipssubstantially uniform,

6. As a new material, pulp mill chips of coniferous wood having theresinous content thereof reduced but owing a substantial residualresinous content distributed to render the texture of said chipssubstantially uniform, and having a standardized moisture content.

7. As a new material, pulp mill chips of coniferous wood having theresinous content thereof reduced but having a substantial residualresinous content distributed to render the texture of said chipssubstantially uniform, having a standardized moisture content and baledto preserve the moisture content.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 23d day of August,1920.

J OSEPH H. WALLACE.

